Units of measurement, symbols, significant digits and rounding off
1.1 Units of measurement and symbols
1.2 Significant digits
1.3 Rounding off
1.4 Bias, accuracy and precision
Individual Trees and Logs
2.1 Bole characteristics
2.1.1 Diameter
2.1.2 Height
2.1.3 Bark thickness
2.1.4 Volume
2.1.5 Stem form and taper
2.2 Log characteristics
2.2.1 Diameter
2.2.2 Length
2.2.3 Volume
2.2.4 Weight
2.2.5 Allowance for defect
2.3 Crown characteristics
2.3.1 Width
2.3.2 Depth
2.3.3 Surface area
2.3.4 Volume
2.3.5 Biomass
2.4 Stem analysis
Groups of Trees (Stands)
3.1 Number of trees
3.2 Diameter
3.3 Basal area
3.3.1 Fixed-area plots
3.3.2 Angle count sampling
3.3.3 Advantages and disadvantages of angle count sampling
3.4 Height
3.4.1 Mean height
3.4.2 Predominant height, top height, dominant height
3.4.3 Stand height curve
3.5 Volume
3.6 Crown closure
3.7 Crown biomass
3.8 Growth and increment
References
Appendix 1: Checklist of equipment and materials

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3.5 VOLUME

Stand volume cannot practically be measured directly. Rather, it is estimated in a variety of ways, the method chosen depending on the purpose of measurement, the location, size and value of the stand, stand characteristics, and the time, funds and labour available. Invariably, the estimation procedure involves measurement of some or all of the characteristics of either individual sample trees (e.g. d, h, v, bark thickness, taper - Section 2.1) or stands (e.g. number of trees, dg, G, h- , hdom - Sections 3.1 - 3.4). Thus, the precautions discussed earlier for minimising error when measuring any of these characteristics need to be applied rigorously when estimating stand volume. 		 

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January, 1999.