Units of measurement, symbols, significant digits and rounding off
1.1 Units of measurement and symbols
1.2 Significant digits
1.3 Rounding off
1.4 Bias, accuracy and precision
Individual Trees and Logs
2.1 Bole characteristics
2.1.1 Diameter
2.1.2 Height
2.1.3 Bark thickness
2.1.4 Volume
2.1.5 Stem form and taper
2.2 Log characteristics
2.2.1 Diameter
2.2.2 Length
2.2.3 Volume
2.2.4 Weight
2.2.5 Allowance for defect
2.3 Crown characteristics
2.3.1 Width
2.3.2 Depth
2.3.3 Surface area
2.3.4 Volume
2.3.5 Biomass
2.4 Stem analysis
Groups of Trees (Stands)
3.1 Number of trees
3.2 Diameter
3.3 Basal area
3.3.1 Fixed-area plots
3.3.2 Angle count sampling
3.3.3 Advantages and disadvantages of angle count sampling
3.4 Height
3.4.1 Mean height
3.4.2 Predominant height, top height, dominant height
3.4.3 Stand height curve
3.5 Volume
3.6 Crown closure
3.7 Crown biomass
3.8 Growth and increment
References
Appendix 1
: Checklist of equipment and materials

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2.2 LOG CHARACTERISTICS

Although measurement by weight is being used increasingly for log sales, a majority of sawlogs in Australia is still sold on a volume basis.

It is a common misconception that it is a simple matter to estimate the volume of a log accurately. People overlook the fact that:

  • logs are often irregular in cross-section and profile,

  • many logs are flared at one end (butt logs),

  • in deriving the volume estimate, an assumption must be made about log shape.

These factors create opportunities for error. Thus, set procedures as outlined below (sub-sections 2.2.1 - 2.2.3) need to be established and followed during measurement. As a general principle, measure long logs (>15 m) in at least two sections of approximately equal length - it is essential that this be done with logs exceeding 20 m in length.

 

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January, 1999.